1. Uhlobo lokuguga lwezixhobo zepolymer
Izinto zePolymer kwinkqubo yokucubungula, ukugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa, ngenxa yesenzo esibanzi sezinto zangaphakathi nangaphandle, iimpawu zayo ziyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe, ukwenzela ukuba ilahleko yokugqibela yexabiso lokusetyenziswa, le nto iyinto yokuguga kwezinto zepolymer.
Oku akubangeli nje inkcitho yemithombo yobutyebi, kodwa kude kukhokhelele kwiingozi ezinkulu ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwayo kokusebenza, kunye nokubola kwezinto ezibangelwa kukwaluphala kwayo kunokungcolisa imo engqongileyo.
Ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zepolymer kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo zokuguga kunye neempawu.Ngokubanzi, ukuguga kwezixhobo zepolymer kungahlelwa kwezi ntlobo zine zilandelayo zotshintsho:
Utshintsho kwinkangeleko
Kukho amabala, amabala, imigca yesilivere, iintanda, iqabaka, umgubo, iinwele, i-warping, i-fisheye, ukushwabana, ukushwabana, ukutshisa, ukugqwetheka kwamehlo kunye nokutshintsha kombala obonakalayo.
Utshintsho kwiimpawu zomzimba
Kubandakanya ukunyibilika, ukudumba, iipropathi ze-rheological kunye nokumelana nokubanda, ukumelana nobushushu, ukunyanzeliswa kwamanzi, ukunyanzeliswa komoya kunye nezinye iimpawu zotshintsho.
Utshintsho kwiipropati zoomatshini
Amandla okuqina, amandla okugoba, ukomelela kokucheba, amandla empembelelo, ubude obusondeleyo, ukuphumla koxinzelelo, njl.
Utshintsho kwiimpawu zombane
Njengokumelana nomphezulu, ukumelana nomthamo, ukungaguquguquki kwe-dielectric, utshintsho lwamandla ombane.
2. Izinto ezibangela ukuguga kwezinto zepolymer
Ngenxa yokuba kwi-polymer processing, inkqubo yokusetyenziswa, iya kuchaphazeleka bubushushu, ioksijini, amanzi, ukukhanya, i-microorganism kunye nezinto zokusingqongileyo ezifana nendibaniselwano yekhemikhali ephakathi kokwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye nesakhiwo kunokuvelisa uthotho lweenguqu, iipropati ezihambelanayo ezimbi zomzimba, ezifana njengeenwele ezilukhuni, ezinqabileyo, ezincangathi, eziguqukayo, eziphelelwa ngamandla njalo njalo, olu tshintsho kunye nesenzeko kuthiwa ukuguga.
I-polymer ephezulu phantsi kwesenzo sobushushu okanye ukukhanya kuya kwenza iimolekyuli ezichulumancisayo, xa amandla aphezulu ngokwaneleyo, ikhonkco le-molecular iya kuphuka ukuze yenze i-radicals yamahhala, i-radicals yamahhala inokwenza i-chain reaction ngaphakathi kwe-polymer, iqhubeke ibangela ukuthotywa, inokubangela ukuba i-radicals yamahhala isebenze. ukudibanisa.
Ukuba i-oksijini okanye i-ozone ikhona kwindawo engqongileyo, uchungechunge lweempendulo ze-oxidation lunokunyanzelwa ukuba zenze i-hydroperoxides (ROOH), enokuthi idibanise ngakumbi ibe ngamaqela e-carbonyl.
Ukuba kukho ii-ion zentsimbi ezishiyekileyo kwipolymer, okanye i-ion zetsimbi ezifana nobhedu, isinyithi, i-manganese kunye ne-cobalt zingeniswa kwipolymer ngexesha lokucubungula kunye nokusetyenziswa, ukusabela kokuthotywa kwe-oxidation yepolymer kuya kukhawuleziswa.
3. Iindlela zokuchasa ukuguga kwezinto zepolymer
Okwangoku, iindlela eziphambili zokuphucula kunye nokuphucula iipropathi zokulwa nokuguga zezinto zepolymer zezi zilandelayo:
Ukuguga kwezixhobo ze-polymer, ngakumbi ukuguga kwe-photooxygen, kuqala kuqala ukusuka kumphezulu wezinto okanye imveliso, ebonakaliswe njenge-discoloration, i-powder, i-crack, i-gloss iyancipha, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya ngaphakathi.
Iimveliso ezibhityileyo zinokusilela kwangethuba kuneemveliso ezishinyeneyo, ngoko ke ubomi benkonzo yeemveliso bunokwandiswa ngeemveliso ezityebileyo.
Kuba lula ukuguga iimveliso, zinokuqatywa phezu komhlaba okanye ziqatywe umaleko olungileyo ukumelana nemozulu ukutyabeka, okanye umaleko wangaphandle imveliso umaleko oludibeneyo izinto ezilungileyo ukumelana nemozulu, ukuze umphezulu imveliso encanyathiselwe umaleko. umaleko okhuselayo, ukuze ulibazise inkqubo yokuguga.
Kwinkqubo yokudibanisa okanye yokulungiselela, izixhobo ezininzi nazo zinengxaki yokuguga.Ngokomzekelo, umphumo wokushisa kwinkqubo ye-polymerization, ukuguga kwe-oksijeni ye-thermal kwinkqubo yokucubungula kunye nokunye.Ngokuhambelanayo, umphumo we-oksijini unokuncitshiswa ngokongeza izixhobo ze-deoxygenation okanye izixhobo zokucoca kwi-polymerization okanye inkqubo yokucubungula.
Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela inokuqinisekisa kuphela ukusebenza kwezinto kwifektri, kwaye le ndlela inokuphunyezwa kuphela ukusuka kumthombo wokulungiswa kwezinto, ayikwazi ukucombulula ingxaki yayo yokuguga kwinkqubo yokuhlaziya kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Kukho amaqela alula kakhulu ukuguga kwisakhiwo semolekyuli yezinto ezininzi zepolymer, ngoko ke ngoyilo lwesakhiwo semolekyuli sezinto eziphathekayo, ukutshintshwa kwamaqela angekho lula ukuguga kunye namaqela alula ukuguga adla ngokudlala umphumo omhle.
Okanye ukuqaliswa kwamaqela asebenzayo okanye izakhiwo ezinempembelelo yokuguga kwi-polymer molecular chain ngokuxhunyelelwa okanye indlela ye-copolymerization, ukunika izinto eziphathekayo ngokwazo umsebenzi obalaseleyo wokulwa nokuguga, nayo yindlela ehlala isetyenziswa ngabaphandi, kodwa ixabiso liphezulu. kwaye ayinakufezekisa imveliso kunye nesicelo esikhulu.
Okwangoku, indlela esebenzayo kunye nendlela eqhelekileyo yokuphucula ukumelana nokuguga kwezinto zepolymer kukongeza izongezo ezichasene nokuguga, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi kwaye akukho mfuneko yokutshintsha inkqubo ekhoyo yokuvelisa.Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokongeza ezi zongezo ezichasene nokuguga:
Ukongezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwezongezo: i-additives anti-aging (umgubo okanye ulwelo) kunye ne-resin kunye nezinye izinto eziluhlaza zixutywe ngokuthe ngqo kwaye zixutywe emva kwe-extrusion granulation okanye i-injection molding, njl. iifektri zokubumba isitofu.
Indlela yokongeza i-masterbatch yokuguga: Kubavelisi abaneemfuno eziphezulu zomgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuzinza komgangatho, kuqhelekile ukongeza i-masterbatch yokuguga kwimveliso.
I-anti-aging masterbatch ifanelekile i-resin njengomphathi, ixutywe kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezongezo ezichasene nokwaluphala, emva koko ngokusebenzisa i-twin-screw extruder co-extrusion granulation, iingenelo zayo zesicelo zilele kwizongezo ezichasene nokuguga kwinkqubo yokulungiselela izixhobo zokuqala ze-masterbatch. abasasazekileyo, emva kwexesha kakhulu kwinkqubo yokulungiswa kwezinto, i-arhente yokulwa nokuguga ifumana ukusasazwa kwesibini, Ukufezekisa injongo yokusasazwa okufanayo kwezinto ezincedisayo kwi-polymer material matrix, kungekuphela nje ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wozinzo lwemveliso, kodwa nokuphepha. ungcoliseko lothuli ngexesha lemveliso, okwenza imveliso ngakumbi eluhlaza kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-17-2022